Pick a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pick a subject - Essay Example Postal Service Nearing Bankruptcy as Email Asserts Its Dominance†(Wehner). A few people may respect this adjustment in correspondence since innovation has made it less expensive and quicker to convey than each previously. However, there are numerous others who see technology’s changes to correspondence as an exceptionally pessimistic power as it has made another age of individuals who are very oblivious as far as imparting properly and adequately. As indicated by the article entitled â€Å"What is Good Communication,† there are unmistakable attributes which plainly characterizes great versus awful correspondence. In taking a gander at the examination, it is clear that a large number of the characteristics, which make up â€Å"bad† correspondence are incredibly apparent in a significant part of the correspondence led by means of innovation. For instance, poor correspondence has characteristics, for example, â€Å"people wear(ing)masks, the sender assaults the recipient, beneficiary doesn’t tune in to sender, either sender or collector is diverted, message is confused or vague, sender has shrouded plan, and at least one of the individuals included are overemotional† (â€Å"What is Good Communication†). These characteristics can be found in how individuals convey today because of the impact of innovation. This is particularly pervasive for Internet based and messaging based correspondence where individuals can hole up behind their electronic gadgets which makes a climate of namelessness and an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world for the communicators as they are not managing an individual in any genuine limit. Due to this negative effect, it has gotten progressively significant in my own life to join the qualities of good correspondence with those that I speak with utilizing techniques, for example, email, Skype, and phones. Individuals, these days, as of now convey a desire with them that they are managing poor communicators when they innovatively speak with an individual. Accordingly, I guarantee that I carefully

Define and discuss what is hearsay, what is not hearsay, and some common exceptions to the hearsay rule

Gossip is a declaration given in which the observer doesn't straightforwardly hear or encounter what the person in question is offering declaration to. All things considered, the declaration being proclaimed is gossip since what is being stated was not experienced direct by the declarant, and in this way can't generally affirm in the event that it occurred or not on the grounds that the data originated from another person. This brings inconveniences on the grounds that the first or direct observer is absent in the court, and along these lines, can't be interviewed, or altogether examined. Consequently, noise is commonly unaccepted as proof in the US court framework, particularly in criminal cases.But similarly as with all principles, there are exclusions to it too. There are occurrences when gossip is the best way to introduce a specific bit of proof. For instance, on the off chance that the first observer has died, at that point introducing noise declaration is the main accessible s trategy. For this situation, the court must consider the noise proof Some normal exceptions are biting the dust presentations or an announcement made while the individual is passing on; revelations against intrigue or when the individual vouches for something that may cause some negative impact on the observer. . How has the Crawford versus Washington case affected the acceptability of prattle proof in criminal preliminaries? The instance of Crawford versus Washington is a milestone court choice which required the need redraw the principles controlling the utilization of gossip proof. The Supreme Court toppled the choice of the Washington Supreme Court and maintained the choice of the Washington Court of Appeals to switch Michael Crawford’s conviction for ambush and endeavored murder against Kenneth Lee.The case rotated around whether Susan’s recorded articulations in the police headquarters would be acceptable as proof against her significant other. Under court rules, companions are not permitted to affirm against their accomplice, without the express authorization of the suspect, or if the mate is the complainant for the situation. In Crawford versus Washington, the offended party gave the court Susan Crawford’s declaration before the police; the protection contended that this proof can't be acknowledged on the grounds that Michael, the suspect, can't go up against the declaration on the grounds that Susan, as his life partner, can't stand observer in his trial.The court denied the defense’s request and acknowledged Susan’s recorded articulation made to the police where she said that Kenneth was not holding a weapon around then. This declaration broke the defense’s not blameworthy supplication by goodness of self-protection, and Michael was sentenced for the wrongdoing. The component of noise for this situation lies in the way that Susan’s recorded declaration is introduced by the police, and Susan can't be in troduced in court to support or invalidate the announcement on the grounds that as Michael’s spouse, she can't do so.In this case, the Supreme Court upset the conviction on the grounds that Michael’s option to stand up to the observers affirming against him was denied. In light of this, the Supreme Court chose to strike out Susan’s recorded articulation, and in this manner, there was inadequate proof to convict Michael, and he was excused. 3. Examine a portion of the circumstances where the exclusionary rule doesn't have any significant bearing, in spite of the commission of some established infringement by the legislature. The Exclusionary Rule holds that any proof that is assembled through unlawful or illegal methods won't hold in any criminal trial.Particularly, any proof that is accumulated through self-implication under coercion or obliviousness, and unlawful pursuits and seizures won't be perceived by any criminal court in the United States. The Exclusiona ry Rule is one of the chief approaches to implement an arrangement of balanced governance inside the US court framework. This keeps any maltreatment or abuse from occurring. This standard is the motivation behind why police are ordered by law to educate suspects regarding their Miranda Rights, particularly when they will be confined and interrogated.If the Miranda cautioning was not expressly given, at that point any announcements made during the following cross examination won't be considered by the court. Obviously there are avoidances to the Exclusionary Rule too. The Exclusionary Rule is quite certain just to the extent that setting up the blame or guiltlessness of the suspect is concerned. This proof can in any case be introduced so as to scrutinize the dependability or trustworthiness of the defendant’s declaration. Another rejection is known as the unavoidable revelation doctrine.This precept contends that there are a few bits of proof, accumulated however an unlawful inquiry, that would have in the long run been found by components of the law in the ordinary course of their examination. This suspicion keeps up that the proof would have been found; and that it is just a short time before it is found. There are additionally numerous cases wherein the exclusionary law might be tested, contingent upon the conditions that prompted the unlawful pursuit. 4. Talk about the Fifth Amendment benefit against self implication and a portion of the different circumstances where it doesn't apply.The Fifth Amendment guarantees the benefit of a charged to decline to address addresses that may additionally implicate or be utilized against him. This privilege can be summoned at some random time; during examination, up until the last pondering of the case. The Fifth Amendment must be conjured during an immediate addressing or cross examination. This privilege against self-implication shields the person from saying something that may additionally harm their case. The re are situations when the individual may decide to unveil what the person thinks about a specific case in return for immunity.The government regularly utilizes this to trap the â€Å"bigger fishes†, for instance in a criminal ring or system. So as to accumulate significant data that would prompt more prosecutions, law implementers offer resistance against criminal oppression. They may likewise be gone into the observer assurance program to guarantee the observers and their families’ wellbeing. 5. Talk about the four significant tests that oversee the acceptability of admissions in criminal preliminaries. The Fifth Amendment forestalls and shields suspects from making self-implicating explanations, and along these lines, the US courts don't acknowledge admissions at face value.Before tolerating admissions as proof in a legal dispute, it must breeze through a four-pronged assessment made to set up if the admission was for sure given willfully; without danger or intimida tion of any sort. The main test asks whether the announcement was given willfully or not. This sets up the conditions encompassing the demonstration of admission. The second decides whether the admission was given disregarding being given the Miranda cautioning. This implies the admission was given in full consultation, and acknowledgment of the outcomes of his confession.The third test sees whether any kind of waiver was given by the suspect. At long last, the fourth decides whether the waiver, if there is one, is clear and unambiguous, with no space for two sided connotation or confusion. For this situation, a waiver alludes to a report or a recorded proclamation that affirms that the suspect is giving up his/her legitimate rights and is giving a full admission. In any case, this waiver assumes an intensive comprehension of one’s rights before these rights can really be deferred. On the off chance that the suspect isn't prepared to do such insight, at that point the admissi on may be contested. . How do a portion of the guidelines of proof restrain or even disappoint â€Å"the scan for reality? † Discuss the activity of these standards and their effect on â€Å"justice. †The fundamental essential of any case is having the option to introduce enough proof to decide whether the suspect is liable past sensible uncertainty. In the event that the proof neglects to show coerce past sensible uncertainty, at that point the suspect ought to be cleared. In a criminal case, the investigator has the weight of confirmation; implying that the barrier isn't required to introduce any proof if the examiner neglected to put forth their defense in the first place.As such, having the option to introduce material proof is significant for â€Å"justice†. The issue is that occasionally, the principles overseeing the acceptability of proof keeps reality from coming out, and debilitates the reasonable removal of equity. Be that as it may, it is a reasonabl e exchange. The standards of proof guarantee that the privileges of the charged are secured, even as the privileges of the honest are maintained. It isn't idiot proof, yet it is the best game plan that can be made in light of the current situation; a trade off to adjust the privileges of everybody included.

Sci Fi Essay Topics - Discover Tips on How to Write Science Fiction Essays

Sci Fi Essay Topics - Discover Tips on How to Write Science Fiction EssaysScience fiction is all about fiction and therefore, the questions you can ask in a science fiction essay are, as far as possible, different from a normal essay. One of the most prominent topics in science fiction is the future.The main topic is about the future. How will you as a writer survive the time when we'll look at these stories as a huge problem? Or rather, how do you think this might be better? What could the future hold for the author? Let's see what we can do.As the author, you should start with some idea of what you want to write. It should always be simple, clear and to the point. And last but not least, it must be powerful and relevant. If you can achieve all these, then you are on your way to writing a successful science fiction essay.But you don't have to worry if you can't come up with the right topic. There are already some science fiction essay topics ready for you to choose from.With sci-fi or futuristic topics in hand, you can now begin to write. But before you do, you should make sure that you know how to organize your thoughts properly, so that they will flow well and be easy to read.Good writing is like playing a musical instrument: it requires practice, repetition and determination. This means that the more you write, the better your writing will become, because you will learn how to structure the content properly.One very important thing to remember is to come up with the best possible topic you can find. Make sure that it can stand alone, without having to go through a lot of unnecessary problems. A well-chosen topic is much more important than the amount of the work you put into it.Once you have your topic, then the rest is just a matter of formulating the best possible sentences and paragraphs, trying to make the topic fit the rules of the genre of science fiction. And once you are done with this, there is really no stopping you!

The Gilded Age Of America - 1621 Words

Throughout history, America was faced with many problems socially, economically, politically, and technologically. But America has also experienced many great successes in these areas as well. Some opportunities were seized, while others were wasted. We can learn from our past failures and successes and take what we have learned from them forward with us into the future, to help build and maintain a better America. The Gilded Age, during the late 1800’s, was a time in America where we experienced explosive economic growth, serious social problems, new innovative technology, and the rise of corporations and corruption in politics. We have learned from some of these things that we went through in the Gilded Age and fixed them, but we are still facing some of the problems we faced back then, today. During the Gilded Age, America experienced many economic and technological successes. For example, the second industrial revolution helped America achieve huge economic success. The co untry enjoyed a surplus of natural resources, an expanding supply of labor, a growing market for manufactured goods, as well as the availability of capital for investment. There were many other factors contributing to the rapid economic growth during the Gilded Age. The expansion of railroads were one of these contributing factors. From 1860 to 1880, the number of miles of railroad tracks tripled in the United States, stemming from private investment and large grants of money and land by theShow MoreRelatedEssay on American History: The Gilded Age America736 Words   |  3 PagesGilded Age America Throughout the history of the United States, the Gilded Age is regarded as a period that spanned the last three decades of the 19th century. This period starts from the Civil War came to an end in the 1865 up to 1900. The term Gilded Age was formulated by writers Charles Warner and Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Toady in 1873. They did this since they believed it to be an era that would be characterized by a variety of severe social problems that were camouflaged byRead MoreEssay on Working Experiences in Gilded Age America842 Words   |  4 PagesThe working experiences of individuals and families during the Gilded Age time period in America, which refers to the late nineteenth century, are varied due to many factors. These factors include but are not limited to age, level of skill, gender, economic class, language(s) spoken, and ethnic origin. It can be said that different groups of people faced drastically different challenges in the world of work; however, some of thes e challenges are more common within more groups of people than justRead MoreImmigrants Come to America During the Gilded Age Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesincrease in the number of immigrants coming to the eastern shores of America. Many were pulled to America because of its economic opportunity, freedom, need for labor and its beautiful country. Immigrants were excited to come to America and were pushed from their home countries because of food shortages, overpopulation, war and political instability. This was going on in an important era in American history called the â€Å"gilded age†. It was a time of economic growth, and industrialization but also hadRead More Social Changes in America Brought About by the Gilded Age Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was characterized by rapid industrialization, reconstruction, ruthless pursuit of profit, government, corruption, and vulgarity (Cashman 1). After the Civil War, America was beginning to regroup as a nation. There were many other changes developing in the country. Industrialization was taking over the formerly agricultural country. The nation’s government was also in great conflict (Foner 20). Many changes occurred during the Gilded Age. These changes affected farmers, labor, businessRead MoreThe During The Gilded Age America Experienced The Second Industrial Revolution1772 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the Gilded Age America experienced the â€Å"Second Industrial Revolution†. Between the end of the Civil War and the early twentieth century, the United States underwent one of the most rapid and profound economic revolutions any country has ever experienced. There were numerous causes for this explosive economic growth. The country enjoyed abundant natural resources, a growing supply of labor, an expanding market for manufactured goods, and the availability of capital for investment. The uprisingRead MoreNative Americans During America s Gilded Age1788 Words   |  8 Pa gesDuring America’s Gilded Age, a drastic change in the west transpired. While many Native Americans had already endured profound changes, their freedom was about to become nearly extinct. It was a time in which they called the Second Industrial Revolution. There was an ample amount of natural resources and a development in the market for manufactured goods. Railroad companies flourished and alas, Indian removal was imperative in obtaining land for laborers and miners (Foner, Give Me Liberty!, p.477)Read MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Civil War, America enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Pol itics, Social Movement, and the Periodization of U.S. History. She argues that the Gilded Age and the ProgressiveRead MoreThe Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World1417 Words   |  6 Pagesby Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi†. (Edwards 90.) It is important to note that gift was not from the French government. It was a gesture of friendship from its citizens and I feel symbolized the stature, in France’s eyes, that America had achieved in the world during the Gilded Age. The Harper’s article discusses the dedication on October 28, 1886 of the statue of â€Å"Liberty Enlightening the World†. The article uses the dedication to reflect on the relationship between the countries of France and the UnitedRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1300 Words   |  6 PagesSecond Gilded Age The Gilded Age is a term that is commonly used to describe the time period in American history in which the government â€Å"...was very favorable to the wealthiest Americans.† (Globalyceum Student Course Page 842) This period was named by the famous American author Mark Twain. Twain named this era the â€Å"Gilded Age,† because on the surface America seemed to be wealthy, but in reality it was falling into corruption and greed and was not at all wealthy. The â€Å"Second† Gilded age occurs rightRead MoreGilded Age Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesstupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.† When Mark Twain and Charles Dudley coined the phrase ‘gilded age’ to describe what they saw in the late 19th century I’m sure they would agree wholeheartedly with Mr. O’Rourke. What does it mean ‘gilded age’? Gilded means to coat with a thin layer of gold, which I’m sure almost always is covering an inferior product. Whe n one thinks of America one of the first thoughts that pop into mind is the American Dream. Achieving the impossible and pulling

Substance Abuse Among Veterans The Military And Alcohol...

Substance Abuse Among Veterans: The Military and Alcohol Introduction The U.S. military produces some of the bravest most heroic men and women on earth. From the moment the oath of enlistment is made to the time of separation or retirement, these courageous souls endure a number of amazing, historic and sometimes unbelievable events. They are praise for their service and lift even higher for their sacrifice, although most are unaware of the true sacrifices are made by some of these men and women. The most visible sacrifices or â€Å"outer sacrifices† are loss of life or loss of limbs while the inner wounds are bouts with depression, sexual assault, divorce, and most common alcohol other drug abuse. U.S. veterans and alcohol seem to go hand in hand. Even if a military member was not a user of alcohol prior to service almost all become a user during and after service. Alcohol is used frequently in military culture. Whether it is a celebration, promotion, victory, loss, demotion, or defeat alcohol is used to commemorate the moment. The question is what is alcohol and why is it the go to choice for services members? Alcohol According to Oxford Dictionaries, alcohol is a colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks, and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel (Fowler, H. W., Fowler, F. G., Murray, J. A. (1964). The concise Oxford dictionary fShow MoreRelatedEssay On Military Veterans1027 Words   |  5 PagesMcKinney, Hirsch, Britton (2017) state that the â€Å"disproportionate rate of suicide in the veteran population may be due to various risk factors†, including symptoms of PTSD and depression (p.100). Their study population was comprised of 545 military veterans who completed a Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire indicating a link between higher PTSD related suicide and depression (p. 100). McKinney et al. (2017) found that â€Å"Depression, as well as other disorders, often serves as a mediator of the relationRead MoreMost Common Means Of Suicide Among Military Veterans1469 Words   |  6 PagesActive Duty Service Members. Traditionally, the U.S. military has faced lower suicide rates compared to their civilian counterparts. However, the suicide rate among active duty military personnel has increased in the last decade, almost doubling in the Army and Marine Corps. Unlike the low active duty suicide rates of Vietnam, OEF/OIF active duty suicide rates are at near record highs (McCarl, 2013). Once again, it is believed that multiple deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan is one of the culpritsRead MoreAlcohol Use Among Veterans And The Military Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Use Among Veterans and the Military Alcohol use and abuse is prevalent among members of the United States military as well as among the veteran population. Binge and heavy drinking is commonplace among the military and veterans. Veterans and members of the active duty military face a unique set of challenges when compared to the civilian population. There is a trend of combat exposure leading to a higher risk to abuse alcohol. For over a decadeRead MoreI Am Writing About The Bill s Mental Health Care Access Act1248 Words   |  5 PagesMental Health Care access Act, which you cosponsor. The bill calls for veterans to be eligible for mental health care at non Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities, regardless of when they enrolled in the VA health care system or seek care at a VA facility, or the location of the veteran s residence. Mental illness is very common among men and women who serve in our military. According to American Psychiatric Association (2015), military men and women face unique challenges, including actively participatingRead MoreHca/250 Final Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance abuse is a very widely known public epidemic in todays society. Many people are unfortunately plagued by this issue. According to Emedicinehealth.com (2012), â€Å"People abuse substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for varied and complicated reasons, but it is clear that our society pays a significant cost,† (para. 1). People that are affected by substance abuse includes a very different range of people. Many that abuse the substances end up having health-related problems whichRead MoreSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment Barriers: Military Life vs. Civilian Life1259 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment Barriers: Military Life vs. Civilian Life Marina Herrera Butte College Abstract This paper explores the interesting relationship between substance abuse and mental health problems among military and civilian life. As well as stigma barriers to treatment within a military vs. a civilian setting. The article â€Å"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment in the Military: Lessons Learned and a Way Forward† written by Katie Witkiewitz and ArmandoRead MoreThe God Factor : Exploring The Roles1678 Words   |  7 Pages(Spiritual) Services Within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), chaplains play many different roles. Chaplains are not only counselors who contend with the spiritual and religious needs of veterans and their families, they also aid with the emotional, mental, physical, and relational needs of veterans. Recognizing the aid and guidance chaplains give veterans is important in realizing the special utility they serve. In realizing the benefit to veterans and their families, the VA is integratingRead MoreThe Social Welfare Issue Of The Vietnam War1481 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation will be Veterans of the Vietnam War. The majority of homeless Veterans are mostly likely males, who are physically disable, poor, or lived in disadvantaged communities. This is a result of lack of support and lack of resources. Many risk factors that play a role in the Veterans homeless society is lack of support, isolation after discharge, and low housing availability. Many Vietnam veterans experience homelessness, the Housing and Urban Development reported that 62,619 veterans are homelessRead MoreVeterans Of The Us Military861 Words   |  4 Pages Veterans of the US military should be some of the most respected men and women of the United States. They risk their lives for years to fight for the freedom of Americans, and yet when they return home some are left homeless, financially unstable, injured, or worse. These men and women need help and should no longer be left to fight on their own. Veterans should be provided with a center to get back on their feet because many veterans suffer from mental disorders and substance abuse due to the thingsRead MoreEffects of Substance Abuse among the Ranks of US Army Soldiers2602 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effects of Substance Abuse among the Ranks of U.S. Army Soldiers Introduction The New York Times reported recently that suicides are on track for becoming the most common cause of death for members of the military in 2012, higher than the number dying in combat (Williams, 2012). Although suicides have occurred in all branches of the U.S. military, the Army accounts for a full 53% of the total number (AFHSC, 2012a, p. 7). The stress of combat is believed to one of the primary contributing

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 892 Words

The Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. Desensitization and unstable morals are two main themes relevant not only throughout the novel, but in Jacqueline s personal story. Desensitization is one of many mental affects the Vietnam War caused those associated with it. In the novel, the reader sees in many situations how characters develop a loss of emotion towards suffering, killing, and violence. Things that the characters used to be affected by no longer impact them due to the extreme exposure of the negativity surrounding them. The soldiers saw so much death it became a normality to them, corpses became objects laughed at and played with. They â€Å"had ways of making the dead seem not quite so dead, shaking hands and making fun of the lifeless bodies turned into a coping method. The men and nurses learned that by slighting death, by acting, we pretended it was not the terrible thing it was† (O Brien 480). Not only was their sensitivity lost, but the majority of their emotions as well. O Brien shows this in Hazeltine 1Show MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –Read MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesVery few novels and short stories have managed to clarify, in any lasting process, the means of the war in Vietnam for America and for the troopers who served there. With The Things They Carried, author (Tim O’Brien), captures the war s pulsing rhythms and trying dangers. However he goes abundant any. By moving on the far side the horror of the fighti ng to look at with sensitivity and insight the character of affection, courageousness and worry, by questioning the role that imagination plays

Project Of Greening Australia Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Of Greening Australia. Answer: Introduction This paper aims at evaluating the community partnerships between Greening Australia and its various partners that the organization works with to fulfill their mandate. Greening Australia is a conservation and restoration project which was started in the year 1982 and has since grown to become an organization. Greening Australia works with various communities and entrepreneurs in accomplishing its objective of environmental conservation and wildlife protection. The organizations carry out various activities across Australia to help it achieve its mandate of conserving the environment across the country. Presently, Greening Australia has over 30 teams of volunteers and staff in different locations across the countries(Lachman, Wong Resetar, 2017). The projects are undertaken with utmost professionalism and latest science is applied to help achieve the best for the landscape, the people and the wildlife. The vision of Greening Australia is to achieve healthy and productive landscapes wh ere the people and nature thrive. Greening Australia aims at achieving its strategic plan of Conservation without borders through a commitment to conserving the environment through partnerships. This paper will evaluate and discuss at large the community partnerships in Greening Australia Habitat 141 project. The project is large scale in nature and it involves many community partnerships and volunteers. This project has lasted for fifty years and it involves restoring and reconnecting the iconic landscape along the 141ST longitude. This biodiversity zone stretches from the wild coast of Southern Australia, along the Victorian border all the way to New South Wales range-lands (Mcneely Scherr,2013). Project summary The landscape of Habitat 141 has suffered great loss and degradation of natural habitats for many years. This has resulted in the loss of biodiversity even though there remain some conservation efforts in small scale. The Habitat 141 is a long term project which aims at facilitating fragmentation of natural habitats and helping to minimize the effects of climate change. The project invests in important landscapes in order to ensure that future generations enjoy a good environment. The project has been made successful over the many years mainly because of community partnerships. Communities living in this area have been greatly engaged by Greening Australia to help support the project for the future benefit of the community. The community has collaborated with greening Australia and allowed professionals to work on their private land to restore the landscape. The Habitat 141 is very large in scope and it incorporates various programs under it so as to make it easier to carry out the mandate of the project. Some of this programs include; Alcoa 1 million trees, the Handbury Fund, Nurcoung Malleefowl corridor project, Billiat to Big Desert Biolink and the Alcoa carbon sinks program (Ros-tonen, Hombergh Zoomers, 2007). The project is being implemented in phases and therefore, Greening Australia is able to evaluate the progress and the achievements resulting from the projects. The Habitat 141 project involves a large number volunteers and staff. The project also involves business partners and donors who help in the financial aspect of the project. The communities involved in this project are those in South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. The Mosquito Creek Catchment is one of the conservation programs that Greening Australia identified as being in urgent need of rehabilitation. The communities in this region are involved in the project. Greening Australia has encouraged the communities to volunteer to help plant trees to help in this project. The communities in this region also donate trees. They are also involved in cleaning the rivers and streams around Mosquito Creek. Greening Australia has also partnered with South East Natural Management group to help in the conservation efforts. The communities around the Arapiles State Park and the Little Desert National Park have also been largely involved in the conservation activities in the park. Balliett and Murray communities in South Australia have partnered with Greening Australia to conserve Flora and Fauna in this locality (Mcspirit, Faltraco Bailey, 2012). Victoria c ommunities have also been a major partner for Greening Australia in undertaking this project. A partnership approach is very important for Greening Australia to meet Habitat 141 project goals due to various reasons. The first and most important reason is that land being rehabilitated and conserved belongs to either individuals or the community in general. This, therefore, means that the project cannot be undertaken without the consent and cooperation of the community. The partnership approach is crucial for this project also because Greening Australia relies a lot on volunteers to undertake most of the projects (M. Robinson Liu, 2015). Since the volunteers come from the community directly benefiting from the program, it is important to engage the community so that people understand the importance of the project and support it. Partnerships are also important in this project since the communities can contribute immensely to the project by donating cash and other resources to facilitate the project (Duim, lamersWijk, 2014). Evaluation of the partnerships in Habitat 141 project The partnerships between Greening Australia and its various community partners have been highly successful. This section evaluates the nature of the partnerships and uses the framework of successful partnerships to analyze how successful or unsuccessful these partners have been. This section also involves the review of stakeholders behavior, attitudes and leadership. The partnership between Greening Australia and the communities around Wimmera Catchment and Victoria has helped the organization achieve tremendous success in this project. The communities in this region were sensitized on the importance of the project and they were encouraged to get actively involved in the project by registering with Greening Australia. In this project, more than 700 volunteers from this region joined in implementing the project of planting 1 million trees (Egan, Hjerpe Abrams, 2011). Community groups such as the Wimmera conservation group provided important guidelines and information on the landscape of the area since they are familiar with the region. Greening Australia ensures that all the partnerships work according to the Conservation Action plan. The community members were mostly involved in planting trees in three distinct habitats which are Manna Gum Woodland, Healthy Woodland and Swamp scrub. The community members were also involved in enhancing in stream and stream side habitats by clearing the excess vegetation so as to widen the corridors. Greening Australia has been working with Rainbow Landscape Group to promote local ownership of the project. The project also partners with Alcoa to help in fencing and restoring vegetation in the mosquito creek catchment. Greening Australia has partnered with Hand bury Foundation to help in planning, supporting and coordinating community engagement (Mcspirit, Faltraco Bailey, 2012). The partnership is meant to help create awareness for an audacious and long term vision of the organization. The partnerships help has been very successful in helping educate communities on the importance of environmental conservation and mobilizing people to donate to Greening Australia. This partnership has been characterized by timely meetings to chat the way forward and to evaluate the success of the partnership. Through this partnership, Greening Australia has been able to invest a significant amount of resources in building capacity and collaborations as well as processes to support the Conservation Action Planning process. Another major achievement of this partnership is that it has helped to create a good relationship between the land owners to the extent that they are ready to donate their land for the course of the project. The partnership has also helped in building a framework for communication between the Greening Australia and the community as well as other stakeholders in the project. An example is the creation of Habitat 141 degrees and the communication plan for Habitat 141.(Scott Bromley, 2013) This partnership has helped to recruit more than 1400 volunteers for the project in the last year alone. The partnership has also helped in the conservation efforts of Greening Australia by bringing on board other partners such as Zone CAPs which helps in scientific expertise. The partnership between the Habitat 141 project and the community around Murray Malle in South Australia has also been very significant for Greening Australia. The partnership is aimed at supporting and protecting endangered species of birds such as the Malleefowl, Mallee Emu-wren, Red-lored Whistler and Western Whipbird. In order to achieve this objective, the community is greatly involved in the effort to conserve these birds. Habitat 141 has launched a community education program to sensitize the community on the importance of preserving this endangered species. Hunting of birds is popular in this region. Community groups are being trained on how to help in preservation and protection of these birds. This partnership has also helped in re-vegetation of more than 35 hectares of land between the year 2012 and 2014.(Guerrant, Havens Maunder, 2014) The partnership has also benefited the community directly through various ways. The farmers living around the project site have been able to receive support in stabilizing light sandy soils and generation of carbon credits so as to help improve the incomes of farmers. This, therefore, means that the partnership has been able to achieve its objectives. Habitat 141 has a partnership with various communities around Arapiles State Park and the Little Desert National Park. The partnership is facilitated by other partners such as Parks Australia, Trust for Nature and Victoria Mallee Fowl Recovery Group. These groups work in collaboration with the land owners in this zone. The partnership with the community helped Greening Australia to obtain 180 hectares of land which are used to implement high-quality biodiversity restoration to help generate carbon credits(Meffe,2012). The program has been completed successful thanks to the partnerships and collaboration from the community. It has become the largest biodiversity program involving re-vegetation implemented in Victoria. The partnership with the community was very successful with the donations from the community around Victoria exceeding $300,000. The willingness of community members to sell land for the project was also crucial in making the project successful. The Alcoa re vegetation program has helped to establish plantation that is bio-diverse using various methods such as direct seeding. The native plantings have helped in acting as carbon sinks and increasing soil carbon stores. The aim of this partnership with the community was to encourage people to plant in their land native plants so that they can act as carbon sinks and hence improving the quality of air in this zone. The carbon storage potential is recorded using the Reforestation Modeling Tool(RMT). It helps to provide the carbon sequestration potential of a particular area. From the measurement taken by Greenhouse Australia, it is evident that the program has helped to increase the carbon sequestration potential by a very great margin. This partnership has also enabled farmers to generate ACCUs(Australian Carbon Credit Units) and sell these units to other farmers willing to offset their carbon pollution through the voluntary market. Reflection The Habitat 141 project has been in progress for more than 50 years. The project is implemented in phases to ensure that the objectives are achieved with ease. The project is long term in nature due to its wide scope. The Habitat 141 project is planned in such a manner that its impact is sustainable for a long period of time even after completion of the project. Greening Australia has put various measures to ensure that the projects benefit last for centuries. The management of the project has encouraged the community to own the projects being undertaken in their locality. I think the sense of ownership can be affected through involving the members of the community in decision making. This is very important since the project is concerned with environmental conservation and restoration of landscapes. Once the community feels the project is meant to help them, they can offer support and help to protect the environment and safeguard the gains that have been achieved even when the projec t comes to an end. The Habitat 141 project also has partnerships with other organizations to ensure that the projects completed are monitored and maintained. One of these organizations is Alcoa which helps in measuring the achievements of the projects and in monitoring whether or not the project is sustainable. Alcoa reports to Greening Australia on the state of the programs after which Greening Australia can take action. The management team of the Habitat141 project has special maintenance teams which are sent to correct any loopholes that may have infiltrated the project. In addition to this, Greening Australia hands over most of the projects to the government and other stakeholders who are able to ensure long term success for the project. Generally, the long term success of this project has been mainly due to partnerships and collaborations with other organizations, the government and the community. Another method that Greening Australia uses to ensure long term success for projects is by working closely with conservation groups. This may be NGOs or those supported by the government. These groups can help to continue implementing the long term agenda of the project long after the project has been completed. For example, the preserved species of endangered species can be given refuge in animal orphanages and parks. The forest management bodies can be engaged to help protect the new vegetation and trees from traders or other people who may pose a danger to the project. I also think that the restored landscapes can be protected by training and educating the communities and land owners of how they can be able to prevent land degradation and soil erosion (Decker, Riley, Siemer, 2012). This will help the land owners and the community, in general, will take control of their environment and ensure that the projects` benefits last for a long time. I would also consider training farmers on how to raise carbon sequestration in their localities and how they can collect the units and sell them to other willing to improve carbon sequestration in their areas. Once the farmers realize an economic benefit in this project, they will automatically be encouraged to plant more trees. This in return will result in long term sustainability of the project and hence the community will benefit for many years to come. Funding is also crucial to help Greening Australia maintain and manage its projects for a long period of time. I would seek to increase funding for the projects and lobby for donations for each project separately. Increased funding can be achieved through seeking additional corporate partnerships and sponsorship. I would also be more aggressive in seeking donations from individuals and organization to help finance maintenance of the project for a long period of time. Conclusion The Habitat 141 project by Greening Australia has been able to achieve great success and most of the objectives of the project have already been accomplished. The project has been able to rehabilitate landscapes and to restore vegetation in areas such as Victoria and South Australia. The project success has been pinned around the partnerships that Greening Australia has been able to establish with communities and corporate organization (Burchett Burchett, 2013). The project has been supported by community members by donating funds for the project as well as donating land crucial for implementing the project. There has been a lot of support for the project from the community as many people were willing to volunteer to work on the project. The long term success of the project can be achieved by encouraging community ownership of the project and by training the local communities on the benefits of the project. References Burchett, s., burchett, s. (2013). Introduction to wildlife conservation in farming. Hoboken, n.j., wiley. Http://rbdigital.oneclickdigital.com. Decker, d. J., riley, s. J., siemer, w. F. (2012). Human dimensions of wildlife management. Baltimore, johns hopkins university press. Duim, r. V. D., lamers, m., wijk, j. V. (2014). Institutional arrangements for conservation, development and tourism in eastern and southern africa: A dynamic perspective. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1966754. Egan, d., hjerpe, e. E., abrams, j. (2011). Human dimensions of ecological restoration: Integrating science, nature, and culture. Washington, dc, island press. Http://site.ebrary.com/id/10501498. Guerrant, e. O., havens-young, k., maunder, m. (2014). Ex situ plant conservation: Supporting species survival in the wild. Washington, dc, island press. Http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/concordiaab-ebooks/detail.action?Docid=3317430. Lachman, b. E., wong, a., resetar, s. A. (2017). The thin green line: An assessment of dod's readiness and environmental protection initiative to buffer installation encroachment. Santa monica, ca, rand corp. Mcneely, j. A., scherr, s. J. (2013). Ecoagriculture: Strategies to feel the world and save wild biodiversity: Strategies to feed the world and save wild biodiversity. Washington, island press. Http://site.ebrary.com/id/10079988. Mcspirit, s., faltraco, l., bailey, c. (2012). Confronting ecological crisis in appalachia and the south: University and community partnerships. Lexington, ky, university press of kentucky. Meffe, g. K. (2012). Ecosystem management: Adaptive, community-based conservation. [united states], island press. Https://www.hoopladigital.com/title/11457224. Robinson, G., Liu, Z. (2015). Greening and ungreening Adelaide, South Australia. AIMS Environmental Science, 2(3), 511-532. https://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.3.511 Quinn, m. S., freimund, w. A., broberg, l. (2012). Parks, peace, and partnership: Global initiatives in transboundary conservation. Calgary, university of calgary press. Ros-tonen, m., hombergh, h. V. D., zoomers, e. B. (2007). Partnerships in sustainable forest resource management: Learning from latin america. Leiden, brill. Scott, j., bromley, r. J. (2013). Envisioning sociology: Victor branford, patrick geddes, and the quest for social reconstruction. Trush, M. (2011). An Essential Role for Graduate Students in Environmental Public Health Community Engagement. Progress In Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, And Action, 5(1), 1-2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2011.0008 Wardle, G., Pavey, C., Dickman, C. (2013). Greening of arid Australia: New insights from extreme years. Austral Ecology, 38(7), 731-740. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12073

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Table of Contents Introduction Charlotte Perkins Gilman Bibliography Conclusion References Introduction Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a United States sociology expert, a novel writer, a short story writer, a poet, an academic professor who fought for women’s rights. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the extraordinary women of her time. Charlotte Perkins Gilman became the beacon for women fighting for gender equality. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charlotte Perkins Gilman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Charlotte Perkins Gilman had unconventional theories and lifestyle that run against the very grain of society’s theory that women are the lesser gender. Charlotte Perkins Gilman became famous for the â€Å"The Yellow Paper† masterpiece. The masterpiece was a self-biography discussing the daily sufferings from the disease entitled postpartum psychosis. Charlotte Gilman successfully inst ituted women’s rights (Kessler, 1995). Charlotte Perkins Gilman Bibliography Born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1860, Mary Perkins researched several books at the public library. Mary’s childhood is characterized as lonely and isolated. Her father’s pasting of literary books encouraged Mary Perkins Gilman to indulge in reading many books in the library. Charlotte Perkins Gilman studied in more than five public schools. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a slow learner in class. Charlotte Perkins Gilman supported herself through college by working as an artist, painter, and tutor (Kessler, 1995). In 1894, Charlotte Perkins Gilman actively participated in the activities of many feminist and reform organizations. Specifically, Charlotte Perkins Gilman joined several group like the â€Å"The Pacific Costs Women’s Press Association, The Women’s Alliance, The Economic Club, The Parents’ Association, The Ebell Society, and many others. In the same year, Charlotte Perkins Gilman espoused many progressive views regarding the father’s rights to the child after the courts approve a divorce. Charlotte Perkins Gilman insisted that her former husband had every right to visit their child after the divorce. In the same manner, her daughter, Katharine, had every right to learn and love her natural father. In 1884, Charlotte Perkins Gilman complained about her post-partum depression state after giving birth to her child, Katharine. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was described as hysterical and nervous. However, her friends did not take her health complaints seriously (Davis 36).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1888, Mary Charlotte Gilman had finally called it quits and divorced her husband. In 1893, Charlotte Perkins Gilman met her cousin, Atty. Houghton Gilman of Wall Street fame. Charlotte Perkins Gilman got married to her cousin, Atty. H oughton Gilman. In January of 1932, Mary committed suicide after accepting that her cancer was incurable. Charlotte Perkins Gilman had breast cancer. In 1896, Mary represented California in the Suffrage Convention in Washington D.C. Charlotte Perkins Gilman joined the International Socialist and Labor Congress in England during 1896. Charlotte Perkins Gilman joined the Nationalism organization. The organization focused on ending capitalism’s greedy outstretched arms. The Nationalism Organisation’s activities focus on ensuring a peaceful environment. The organization espoused ethical compliance, through promoting a progressive interpersonal interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman insisted that women should be on equal terms with the men. Charlotte Perkins Gilman insisted that women must have the right to equal treatment in all work, school, and other undertakings. The women’s breast cancer issue influenced Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s masterpiece â€Å"The Yellow WallPaper†. Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote several popular books. Her poems are found in the Art Gems for the Homely and Fireside. In 1893, Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote In This World, and Women and Economics espousing that sex education must not be taught in the K years. Charlotte Perkins Gilman authored the popular book, Women and Economics in 1898. The book lifted her name to international fame. Consequently, Charlotte Perkins Gilman travelled to different locations, propagating her desire to one day see the reality that man will finality agree that women are their equal in all facets of life. Charlotte Perkins Gilman held a speaking engagement in Berlin, Germany. Charlotte Perkins Gilman discussed her gender equality theory at the International Congress of Women in Berlin seminar. Charlotte Perkins Gilman also travelled to different countries to discuss her equality theory in seminars or speaking engagements. Charlotte Perkins Gilman visited countries like England , Germany, Hungary, and Holland, Germany, Austria, as well as Hungary. In her book, â€Å"The Home: It’s Work and Influence†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman theorized that women were often victimized in their own homes. The women are treated as second-class citizens by their husbands. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charlotte Perkins Gilman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Charlotte Perkins Gilman also espoused that society must change its current perception that women are second class citizens within the United States society. Charlotte Perkins Gilman bought her own magazine entitled The Forerunner. Her article focuses on stimulating the readers to rise up and have enough hope, and courage to fight for their rights, especially the women. The same magazine forerunner successfully continued for the next 7 years. The magazine gained lots of loyalty from clients who liked Gilman’s fearless approach to ensuring that gender discrimination is eradicated from the face of the earth. Charlotte Perkins Gilman also wrote articles for other media companies. The companies include the Baltimore Sun, Buffalo Evening News, and Louiseville Herald. Charlotte Perkins Gilman also wrote her first book, Art Gems for the Home and the Fireside (1888).During here entire adult life, Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave speeches and wrote books on hot themes like ethics, human rights, social reform, labor, and others (Kessler, 2010). Further, Charlotte Perkins Gilman boldly emphasized that the women must use sexual overtures to persuade their husbands to bring home food and other home necessities. Charlotte Perkins Gilman blamed the Darwin theory stating that the home is ruled by the husband alone. Charlotte Perkins Gilman insisted that the historical Darwin theory stating that the husband is aggressive and the wife played the motherly roles in the home has disappeared in the current age. The old theory stating that men are made to have regular sex precipitates to rapes and violence in the home. Charlotte Perkins Gilman discussed that society had instituted the unfair women environment where the young girls are mainly training to become future mothers. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was disgusted with the marketing of a different set of toys, and clothes for boys and girls. Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Charlotte Gilman theorized that the women should not be left in the home; the women have a right to find work and earn money to payment the family’s daily home expenses (Davis, 2010). The home expenses include electricity, water, and telephone bills. In addition, Charlotte Perkins Gilman reiterated that the house chores must be equally distributed between the husband and the wife. In her desire to win more votes, Charlotte Perkins Gilman insists that all women must be granted their right to vote for their candidates in the current and future elections. However, Charlotte Perkins Gilman stepped out of her comfort zone when she adversely opined on the issue of the African Americans (Davis, 2010). In the progressive area, Charlotte Perkins Gilman focused on sex subjection, Charlotte Perkins Gilman focused on fighting for the women’s equality rights. Charlotte Perkins Gilman also favored the study of the initiatives. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was interested in eugenics, sa nitation, birth control, and anti-vice, and anti-prostitution. Charlotte Perkins Gilman also talked against the erroneous Darwinian Theory stating that women are born to be â€Å"sex slaves† of the husbands (Kessler 1995). Charlotte Perkins Gilman is remembered as a person who boldly stood up against society’s prior gender discrimination culture. The prior culture states that women should be kept inside the home as sex slaves of the husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman should be remembered because the current women of society are enjoying the fruits of her unending efforts to free the women from their current bondage. Charlotte Perkins Gilman fought for the women to be free from the torments of their husbands. Some husbands force their wives to have sex as well as accomplish home chores. Her historical contributions to fight for the rights of the women had been successful. Today, many women are working outside the home. Many women are earning higher salaries than men in the work place. Many companies prefer to hire men over the women (Davis, 2010). Conclusion IN A NUTSHELL, Charlotte Perkins Gilman fearlessly fought for the women’s rights. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was one of the extraordinary women of her time. Charlotte Perkins Gilman championed the rights of women to vote. Charlotte Perkins Gilman authored many articles and made speeches rallying for the approval of the women’s rights issues. She pursued the theory that the women must be free from the erroneous Darwin theory. Charlotte Gilman successfully instituted women’s rights. References Davis, C. (2010) Charlotte Perkins Gilman: A Biography. London, SU Press Kessler, C. (1995) Charlotte Perkins Gilman. London, SU Press This essay on Charlotte Perkins Gilman was written and submitted by user Colton Wood to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Short Love Quotes from Movies

Short Love Quotes from Movies Look into your lovers eyes. Whisper one of these famous movie love quotes. Cupid has to strike! These famous movie love quotes are a favorite with many couples. If you are looking for the most seductive love quote, you will find it here. Love quotes of this intensity are hard to find. Casablanca Kiss me. Kiss me as if it were the last time. City of Angels I would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it. One. Crimes and Misdemeanors My husband and I fell in love at first sight... maybe I should have taken a second look. Fried Green Tomatoes A heart can be broken, but it keeps beating just the same. Four Weddings and a Funeral I always just hoped that, that Id meet some nice friendly girl, like the look of her, hope the look of me didnt make her physically sick, then pop the question and... um... settle down and be happy. It worked for my parents. Well, apart from the divorce and all that! Love and Death To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering, one must not love; but then one suffers from not loving. Therefore, to love is to suffer, not to love is to suffer, to suffer is to suffer. To be happy is to love; to be happy then is to suffer, but suffering makes one unhappy; therefore to be unhappy one must love or love to suffer or suffer from too much happiness. I hope youre getting this down. When Harry Met Sally I love that you get cold when it is 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle in your nose when youre looking at me like Im nuts. I love that after I spend day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And its not because Im lonely, and its not because its New Years Eve. I came here tonight because when you realize you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of your life to start as soon as possible. You cant express every feeling that you have every moment that you have them. Wizard of Oz Hearts will never be practical until they are made unbreakable... Without a heart, I can never really know what it would be like to love someone, or ever really understand trashy novels.

Course Work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Course Work - Coursework Example This is due to what is known as protective factors. This are influences that a person can have which will increase their ability to deal with certain stressors which can increase their ability to influence their mental health. Protective factors lead to a person developing resilience to certain stressful situations. 2) Decriminalization of illicit drugs like marijuana, cocaine will increase drug related social problems. Drugs are not regarded as being dangerous because they are illegal; they are illegal since they are dangerous. Decriminization of illicit drugs help in not regulation of illicit drugs. Decriminization is actually part of a back door effort that will help easy society into accepting the use of addictive drugs; this will include the use of drug related social problems. 3) Children are very sensitive to the issue of HIV/AIDS. Children have many fears regarding this disease. F children are taught about HIV/AIDS they c n make their health choices (Dyk 87). If children are taught about HIV/AIDS this will be an indication that people care about their wealth. At the age of 8 to 10 you can start to teach a child the basic of HIV/AIDs and how it is

Discuss the details of a particular Superfund site near your home Essay

Discuss the details of a particular Superfund site near your home - Essay Example The site profile according to epa.gov lists it as having been cleaned up completely, though it continues to operate as an industrial electroplating facility. Airco Plating Company has operated at this location since the 1950’s. According to epa.gov, â€Å"The site occupies approximately two acres in a predominately industrial/commercial area. A trailer park is also located about 300 feet south of the site. The Miami Canal, the only surface water body in the site’s vicinity, is located approximately 2/3 of a mile southwest of the site. Several other Superfund sites are located within a few miles of the APC site† (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011). This site was slated for cleanup in 1990 and was listed as complete in 1999; the company still operates on the premises at this time. There are reviews being completed again this year as well as in 2006 to determine if the cleanup was fully successful. Given the close proximity of the industrial park to Miami Canal a major local waterway and residential homes as well as other active commercial areas the need for cleanup was seen as extremely important. According to epa.gov, â€Å"The soil and ground water are contaminated with metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The specific contaminants include cadmium, chromium, perchloroethene, cis-1,2 dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride† (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011). These VOCs posed a long term hazard to the location, they are all chemical byproducts and used in the electroplating process. The cleanup approach included both soil and groundwater decontamination process’s. The creation of this particular superfund site was not intentional and has been rectified as the last check in 2006 has confirmed. Some of the methods being used according to epa.gov are, â€Å"Extraction of VOCs detected above the water table at certain levels using a soil vapor extrac tion (SVE) treatment system† (U.S.

Sociology Essays Tattooing Body Mutilation

Sociology Essays Tattooing Body Mutilation Tattooing Body Mutilation Sociology Cultural Studies Question. Undertake a case study of any contemporary cultural practice or set of practices of your choice, explaining what you consider to be their sociological significance. Tattooing Body mutilation has long been part of non-Christian cultures as a positive mark of identity, while in many modem Body modification practices are so prolific that an exhaustive account of the practices of body magic and marking around the globe is nearly impossible. Body mutilation such as tattooing often functions as part of a healing ritual, protection against forces that may cause injury and admission to a social group. Cultural practices of body mutilation are often functionally akin to prayer as a practice that spiritually elevates an individual. Tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called. It is not barbarous merely because the printing is skin-deep and unalterable. -Henry David Thoreau. Several major religions exhibit complex attitudes toward self-mutilation and adornment. In the Old Testament, Leviticus 19.28 prohibits followers of Judaism from marking the body: Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor imprint any marks upon you. The â€Å"Holly Koran† forbids marking the body. The Christian Bible associates body markings with sin as shown in the story of Cain, who was marked in punishment for slaying his brother. Still, many people apparently have continued to feel a need for confirmation of their religion by marking their bodies. The Judaic custom of circumcision persists. Coptic, Armenian, Abyssinian, Syrian, and Russian pilgrims returning from the Holy Land frequently acquired souvenir tattoos to commemorate their journey. At the turn of the nineteenth century, it was traditional for Gypsies to tattoo these pilgrims, and the tattoo marks became part of the pilgrims social status. An example of this is the Armenian title for one who has made the pilgrimage which is Mahdesi, which translates as I saw death. Because only religious pilgrims were tattooed, the religious tattoos were also known as Mahdesi. The tattoo is a code indicating a spiritual passage, or at least a religious pilgrimage. Similarly, in Turkey the souvenir tattoos were known by the Turkish word for one who has made the religious pilgrimage, Haji. These religious tattoos became symbols of entry into a higher plane of spiritual existence and exemplify the overlap between Christian beliefs and body magic. First documented by a traveler in 1660, common marks included dots in the shape of a cross at the base of the fingers and crosses on the back of the hand or inside of the wrist. Biblical scenes marked the bearer as a devout Christian, but also served magical purposes. Women chose Annunciation scenes to ensure fertility, and sufferers of illness placed tattoos on ailing parts of the body to promote healing. Although Greek and Latin Christian churches have criticized these practices, they persist, and many Muslim Arabs tattoo in disregard for the Islamic prohibition on marking the body. Even today, many American tattooees have permanent religious icons and emblems as well as personal magical symbols inked upon their bodies. Tattoos are prompted by the primitive desire for an exaggerated exterior and are manifestations of deep psychological motivations. They are the recording of dreams, which simultaneously express an aspect of the self and recreate and mask the body As products of inner yearnings, self-concepts, desires, and magical or spiritual beliefs, designs on the human body formed by inserting pigments under the skin have been crafted by nearly every culture around the world for thousands of years. Definitive evidence of tattooing dates to the Middle Kingdom period of Egypt, approximately 2000 B.C., but many scholars believe that Nubians brought the practice to Egypt much earlier. There was little anthropological attention to tattooing in the early part of the century because of preconceived notions of its insignificance to cultural analysis. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Maya, Toltec, and Aztec cultures performed tattooing and scarification, and that the practice is thousands of years old in Asian cultures. Although tattooing was practiced in pre-Christian Europe, the word tattoo does not appear in English until Captain John Cook imported it after a journey to the Pacific Islands in the eighteenth century. Although no connection has been made between the words tattoo and taboo, it seems highly likely that they are related. While enduring the process of acquiring socially meaningful marks, the tattooee is being formed and shaped into an acceptable member of society. Prior to the completion of the tattoos the person is not only physically vulnerable because of the possibility of contamination during the penetrating process of tattooing but symbolically vulnerable as well. No longer without a tattoo, but without a finished tattoo, the persons body and therefore the self are not yet completed. The person is a luminal entity not yet in society and therefore taboo. Although the origin of tattooing is uncertain, anthropological research confirms that tattooing, as well as other body alterations and mutilations, is significant in the spiritual beliefs of many cultures. Various peoples tattoo or scarify during puberty rituals. In traditional South Pacific Tonga society, only priests could tattoo others and tattoos were symbolic of full tribal status. Eskimo women traditionally tattooed their faces and breasts and believed that acquiring sufficient tattoos guaranteed a happy afterlife. In many African cultures scars indicate social status and desirability as a marriage partner. Scarification patterns often identify the bearer as a member of a specific village. Many of these practices are changing and fading as Western influences enter African cultures. Until the mid-nineteenth century, Cree Indians living on the Great Plains tattooed for luck, for beauty, and to protect their health. Cree men with special powers received tattoos to help them communicate with spirits. A dream conferred the privilege of receiving a tattoo, which would be inscribed during a ceremony conducted by a shaman authorized to tattoo. The ability to withstand the painful and tedious process of tattooing, which often lasted two to three days, confirmed the tattooees courage. Blood shed during the process was believed to possess magical power and was absorbed with a special cloth and kept for future use. The ritual recreates the flesh bequeathed to initiates by their parents and experienced during childhood. The physical change marks a symbolic rebirth into a new spiritual, social, and physical reality as well as a real physical change. This magical use of the body reiterates the idea that physical and spiritual existence and their interactions are deeply entwined. European civilizing cultures often attempted to eradicate body marking practices, often in the name of religion. In 787 A.D. Pope Hadrian I decreed a ban on tattooing. Constantine prohibited tattooing as an act of altering the body that God molded in His own image. Puritans in the New England colonies connected body markings with witchcraft, and those suspected of practicing witchcraft were searched for devils marks as proof of their alliance with Satan. Quoting the Old Testament interdict against printing or cutting marks upon the flesh, the Puritans also condemned Native American tattooing. By the 1850s many Native Americans had adopted the settlers customs of dress and began to view tattooing as unnecessary and uncivilized. Africans brought to the colonies as slaves often bore scarification marks of royalty, social standing, or servitude, which were probably perceived by the colonists as heathen tokens of savage cultures. In some cultures, the elite class marks the bodies of individuals considered pariahs or marginal members of society. In the Near East, slave masters sometimes tattooed slaves as a sign of degradation and branded incorrigible slaves. In late medieval and early modern Europe, slaveholders branded their slaves, a practice continued in France until the early 1800s and in Russia until the mid-1800s. Runaway slaves in Brazil, the renegade quilombos who were branded if recaptured, considered their brands marks of honor and infamy. In Yoruba, where body markings placed one within society, slave owners denied their slaves distinguishing marks of social status. Exemplifying a much different assumption about body marking, slaveholders in the Americas branded and tattooed their slaves to place them firmly outside mainstream society. During the eighteenth century, prisoners incarcerated in France were physically marked. The use of body markings as positive signs of identification and inclusion in many African societies contrasts sharply with European use of the marks as signs of degradation and marginalization. The American association of tattooing with exoticism solidified in 1851 when Dan Rice hired a tattooed man named James F. OConnell to appear in his circus. During this time Rice was also fascinating America with another body image in popular culture, the blacked-up minstrel. The minstrel representation of the black body was replete with complex meanings of manhood, race, and class. The tattooed body on display was probably less familiar but equally intriguing. Without evidence of what kind of tattoos Rices employee had, or whether or not he performed, or served only as a display object, it is difficult to assess the meaning of his existence. Perhaps OConnell conjured images of a white savage, halfway between the articulate, civilized white man and the Native American who expressed his culture with paint and body markings. Perhaps audiences saw the tattooed man as Melvilles Queequeg incarnate; exotic, half-blackened with ink-and half† black, but not without feeling or humanness. P.T. Barnum followed Rices success by displaying an elaborately inscribed Albanian named Constantine, who was an extremely popular attraction. Barnum was the first to exhibit a tattooed woman, in 1898, which added the erotic element of viewing the female body. During the latter part of the nineteenth century as the public became more familiar with the art of tattooing through the circus, which was primarily a working and lower-class entertainment, tattoo was also developing commercially. The first known professional tattooist in the United States was Martin Hildebrand who had an itinerant practice during the Civil War and opened a shop in New York City in the 1890s. At the turn of the century, tattoos showed up in titillating and disreputable places. Tattooing became a shop-front industry in the disreputable Chatham Square area of New York City. Electric tattoo machines made tattooing cheaper and less painful and good tattoos easier to render. With this new technology, tattooing became popular among the lower classes and quickly came to be associated with blue-collar workers and ruffians. Although tattooing was an upper-class trend for a brief period, by the 1920s the middle class considered it deviant. Tattoos were considered a decorative cultural product dispensed by largely unskilled and unhygienic practitioners from dingy shops in urban slums, and consumers were seen as being drawn from marginal, rootless, and dangerously unconventional social groups. In the 1930s, the American fascination with body alteration as a deviant practice, continued. During this time a psychiatrist and writer named Albert Parry often wrote about the significance of tattoos and embedded stereotypes of deviance in the public discourse. Although Parry was an avid fan of tattooing, and bemoaned its decline in popularity, he called tattooing a tragic miscarriage of narcissism. He claimed tattooing was a substitute for sexual pleasure, evidence of homosexuality, and a source of masochistic pleasure. Parry associated tattooing with abnormal sexuality. Although the exhibition of a tattooed woman in the circus in prior decades was tinged with a hint of sexual voyeurism, Parry explicitly constructed images of tattooed women as abnormal and accessible commodities. He claimed that five percent of American women were tattooed and insinuated that beneath their conventional clothes, these disguised women had marked their bodies with signs of desire and erotic adventure. Parry stated that prostitutes in America, as elsewhere, get tattooed because of certain strong masochistic-exhibitionist drives. Parry reasoned that prostitutes obtained tattoos because they desired yet another reason to pity themselves and were seeking to be mistreated by clients. He also asserted that they believed tattoos would prevent disease and that they obtained sexual pleasure from the tattoo process. As proof of the prostitutes urge to self-humiliate, Parry described several tattoos of cynical humor and sexual innuendo inscribed upon prostitutes, such as pay as you enter. Conflating racism, homophobia, and the idea of women as a sexual commodity, Parry also claimed that English prostitutes etched names of their pimps on themselves or likenesses of their Negro lovers, much to the chagrin of American sailors, while French women inscribed the names of their lesbian lovers, and gay men tattooed themselves in order to seduce young boys. Parry relished the stereotype of tattooing as a perverse and deviant activity. His assertions reverberated for decades in the assumptions psychologists held about tattooed man and women. Tacitly based on the preconception that marking the body is deviant, psychologists have sought to determine a connection between tattoos and psychopathology. Members and potential members of the military who bear tattoos have served as subjects for several studies that correlate tattoos and social adjustment. A study in 1943 concluded that psychopathology or social or emotional maladjustment is significantly higher among tattooed than among non-tattooed men. A 1968 study concluded that sailors with tattoos were more likely to be maladjusted, and military men with Death before Dishonor tattoos were more likely than non-tattooed sailors to be discharged from the service. Other studies conducted during the late 1960s link tattooed women with homosexuality and masochism and tattooing practices in institutions with high levels of aggression, sexual insecurity, and social maladjustment. These studies both pre-selected the subject pools and ignored the effects of the institutional milieu on the tattooees. Other studies of imprisoned populations reveal motivations to tattoo that are similar to the motivations to self-mutilate as a reaction to the surrounding environment. Similar to inmate self-mutilation, tattooing may provide relief from the numbness of incarceration and establish individual or gang identity. A 1964 survey of the public perception of tattooed persons revealed that a majority of people perceived tattooed individuals as physically strong and psychologically aggressive. This survey concluded that whether or not tattoos are indicators of social maladjustment, they may function to enhance the bearers self-image and integrity. Returning to the theory of confirmation of the self in a pain-enduring interaction, one can understand the connotation of toughness and integrity that a tattoo confers. One psychoanalytic case study observed that a dominatrix in this relationship bore her tattoos as evidence of her ability to manage the ritual infliction of pain adroitly. This self-mastery and toughness earned her the right to control her submissive partners and proved her ability to alter, both own and her partners consciousness and identity. The lack of understanding of the functional purposes of both the tattooing process and the final marks have led to a perception of tattooing as barbaric, deviant, and sexually perverse. Dominant American culture has considered tattoos as marks of degradation, criminality, and marginality. Without an understanding of manipulation of the body to inspire sacred awe in viewers and bearers of tattoos and other body alterations, one can not grasp the significance of these alterations as tangible establishment of personal, spiritual, and social identity. Although body modifications such as tattooing and piercing have been construed as signs of deviance, during the past two decades body alteration has begun to filter into mainstream culture as a popular form of self-expression. Articles about tattooing and piercing proliferate in popular literature. Fashion magazines show models with tattooed ankles and pierced navels, and recruit well-known tattooed musicians for their pages. Children are able to play with tattooed dolls. Exhibits of tattoo art are shown in art galleries. Piercing boutiques and tattoo shops are conducting brisk business. Several factors have encouraged a tattoo renaissance since the 1950s. Post war prosperity along the West Coast combined with a new interest in Asian cultures, many of which revere tattooing. The Japanese, for instance, have a long tradition of tattoo as an intricate body art. New technology and interest in tattooing as a fine art have produced new aesthetic standards, a wider clientele, and an infinite variety of tattoo designs, including neo-tribal stylistic forms that are heavily influenced by tattoo traditions of other cultures. Today, as sociologist Clinton Sanders notes, tattooing has become more professional and more of a fine art. Tattoo artists are much more likely to have formal artistic and academic training than in previous years and to consider their tattooing practice a creative pursuit. A more diverse population is getting tattooed in the past two decades. New tattoo clients are better educated, have more disposable income, and care more about the decorative and aesthetic elements. Customer’s often custom design their own tattoos and the tattooer-customer relationship is changing from one of service provider and buyer to a collaborative effort. The relationship between a piercer and his or her client may be even more intricate and personal. With or without conscious realization of the significance of body making in other cultures, Americans today are adopting similar practices. To understand these practices as cultural phenomena, we must first understand their significance for individuals. Tattooing and piercing are not just adornments added to the body surface like jewelry or cosmetics, but they penetrate the flesh. Piercing is a quick process followed by several weeks of tenderness while healing. Tattooing is a tedious, painful process followed by a period of transformation in which the wound heals and the redesigned body emerges. These adornments, like self-starvation and self-cutting, accrue significance from both the process of physical transformation and the final product. The tattoo procedure is often a highly social act in which an individual manipulates and asserts identity within a specific social milieu. Getting a tattoo is often a social event experienced with close associates, who provide moral support, offer advice, and help pass the anxiety-filled waiting time. Many tattoo artists and piercers comment on the large percentage of their customers who belong to college fraternities or sororities and get pierced as part of the initiation process. It is rare that these individuals tattoo or pierce alone. Often several associates accompany the initiate to provide companionship and fortification. Many cultures attach social status to body alterations and consider pain a crucial element for imparting meaning to body alteration. Yoruban scarification is not only considered aesthetically pleasing but announces the marked individuals fortitude and ability to endure pain. A Yoruban woman acquires her markings when she is old enough to marry and accept the painful ordeal of childbirth. Her kolo cicatrices exhibit her willingness to bear pain. Aesthetic value is bound up with the value of endurance and the willingness to bear discomfort to accomplish a greater good. Tiv women remark on the ability of scarification to indicate masculinity and the desire to withstand pain in order to be attractive: What girl would look at a man if his scars had not cost him pain? Withstanding the pain of tattooing and other body alterations is also significant in American culture. The tattooee or piercee, like any initiate, vulnerably awaits the pain and new status the procedure will impart. Enduring pain is often considered crucial to gender constructions and demonstration of toughness. Although some tattooees have a difficult time bearing the pain, others see it as a good pain. Part of the pleasure of a tattoo is the macho implication of being able to bear the pain, and during the 1950s and 1960s getting a tattoo was a common rite of passage into adulthood for many young men. Still today, withstanding the tedious and painful process with bravado may be required to gain membership in a youth gang, or to demonstrate rebellion against authority. College fraternities may require members to get tattooed or pierced as a sign of their loyalty. One tattoo artist with many tattoos connects the pain of the process with the pleasure of creativity. Its a strange metaphor to say that pain is like an orgasm, but it is in a way. And its like labor too, to go through this pain to create a thing, to get it out of you. The design is inside of you, it just wants to get out. The creative expression of identity is enhanced by the feeling of aliveness that accompanies the pain of the process for many people. This sense of existing, of feeling, of enjoying life, [comes] to many with the touch of the needle. The prolonged pain produces euphoria for many, and pain is also a meaningful and enjoyable element of the piercing process for some piercees as well as people who indulge in body branding or scarification.62 Individuals who tattoo and pierce imbue the body with narcissistic or magico-religious powers to confirm identity and connect them to a deeper self-awareness, a social group, or a vision of integration with the cosmos. Similar to the way in which the self-mutilator or anorectic physically demarcates a change in self-awareness and interaction with the surrounding milieu, an individual who chooses to self-mark physically confirms a change in status. The badge of admission may carry personal meaning as well as a message of affiliation with a religion, one other person, a community, a youth gang, a fraternity, a military organization, or any specific group. The complexity of the action lies in the fact that the confirmation of identity is based on distancing the self from a large non-marked portion of the population. Body markings are marks of disaffiliation with the mainstream and visually proclaim a sense of camaraderie to others so marked.† The change in status, similar to the self-mutilators change in tension level and temporary cure of feelings of fragmentation, Body alteration functions in similar ways in Western culture, but it accrues a different potency as a deliberate choice of identification because of the stigma it incurs as a rebellion against, rather than an embodiment of, dominant cultural values. American women, fully aware of the stigma attached to tattooing and body alteration that doesnt help achieve standard beauty goals for women, are more likely than men to choose adornment that is not publicly visible and attach more personal meanings to their markings. In a culture that has taught them to preserve their bodies for the enjoyment of others, women who tattoo themselves are implicitly making a declaration of independence from at least some aesthetic standards expected of them by families, friends, and society. One 21-year-old woman explained the reaction of her mother to her tattoo. She asks me to keep it covered if we go out in public. It is a sign of disrespect to her. One woman explained, I did this not for my husband, not for my parents, not for a boss, not for anyone else but me, my internal reason was to make a statement. Women mark their bodies as an act of reclamation of their identity after a divorce, as a gesture of healing from sexual or other physical abuse, or simply as self-celebration. Body alteration symbolizes control over and pride in the physical self for many women. Centuries ago, this tangible evidence of self-control and self-celebration may have been enough to convict a woman of witchcraft and sentence her to death. If a devils mark was found on the body of a woman accused of witchcraft -whether self-imposed or organic in reality-it was interpreted as a chosen mark that confirmed the womans autonomous nature and rebellion against prescribed behavior. Her willful desecration of her God-given body proved her collusion with the Devil. Today, a womans self-creation carries less formidable consequences. Similar to the ways of punk styles of leather and metal access forbidden gender symbols and behavior for women, tattoos and piercing provide a form of gender rebellion also. The 1970 study highlighted this idea when one of the woman subjects proclaimed her motivation to tattoo as I want to act like a boy anything they can do I can do better. Tattooing and body piercing blur previous assumptions about gender roles for both women and men. Historically considered a salacious and pagan badge by Western cultures, deliberate body alteration proclaims defiance of cultural standards for both men and women, and many body modifiers enjoy the shock value of their adornment and take pride in their stigmatized identities. Piercers and tattooees reject mainstream norms of adornment while simultaneously embracing subterranean status. This is an especially important component of the body modification trend for adolescents who are trying to establish social identity and autonomy from parental authority. Recreating the body differentiates one from ones previous childhood body, and conventional familial and cultural milieus. One connection between body alteration and youth and popular culture is explained by Daryl Bear Belmares, who had been a professional piercer for nine years in 1996 Belmares attributes the rise in piercing popularity since 1990 to the influence of media and describes two general motivations to pierce. Some people are entranced by the trends of the look. They come in and say I saw it on MTV. Theyve seen the Aerosmith video that has a model with a pierced navel and think it looks sexy. Their main motivation is a desire to be different. These individuals are likely to let their piercing heal over after a few years. Other piercers are functional piercers who spend more time premeditating their decision and pierce for sexual enhancement, to consciously mark a transition in their life, or to heal emotional scars. Although one might think that women are more likely to pierce as a narcissistic use of the body to establish identity, based on the proportion of self-starvers and self-cutters who are women, Belmares denied this gender distinction, noting that his clientele is 50 percent men and 50 percent women. In 1969, Edward Podvall noted that not only does the iconography of self-mutilation appear continually on the landscape of our culture as something seemingly more honest, authentic, pure, or disciplined, but it can be found as an unexpected posture within one particular developmental epoch. He concluded that individual self-mutilation is an attempt to fend off developmental anxiety, and its prevalence may indicate exoneration and approval by the surrounding culture. As a cultural phenomenon, the iconography of self-mutilation may be interpreted in several ways. Podvalls depiction of self-mutilation as part of a developmental process, like Turners delineation of body marking as a resolution of an initiation process and like psychoanalytic theory of body narcissism and self-mutilation as attempts to combat fragmentation of the ego, reveals the cultural significance of body modification. Self-starvation, self-cutting, performance art, and painful, permanent body adornment are potent expressions of rebellion, desire for autonomy, and need to disseminate tension. They are attempts to self-heal, self-initiate, and self-symbolize. Self-mutilation may augment self-awareness, provoke euphoric feelings of spirituality, and resolve a state of liminality by culminating in marks of identity. In the context of culturally sanctioned rituals, these marks incur social inclusion and demarcate social status. In American society, which has considered body alteration practices barbaric and has few formal coming of age rituals that mark the body, the perception of these marks as deviant or perverse has been changing as they have become more common. Conclusion: Although the extent to which contemporary Western society accepts self-mutilation is debatable, many forms of self-mutilation are becoming increasingly popular as real and symbolic forms of self-creation. The public and private, individual and social spheres in which body alteration is significant are entwined. Self-mutilation cannot be separated from the culture in which it exists. As David Napier points out, American culture is obsessed with coming of age as a never-ending process. This struggle to achieve identity is reflected by the implosion of self and identity into the physical symbol, and reality, of the body. The human body is an accessible and viable pathway to holistic integration of self and is a terrain upon which to carve and etch ones deepest desires for identity and meaningful connection to both earthly and spiritual realms. At times altering the body is a form of play and adornment, assuming a mask, playing a role, at other times it is a desperate attempt to feel alive and combat a feeling of alienation and disassociation. Altering the body is an exploration of limits and boundaries of the self, whether in the arena of staged art, subculture, or the local tattoo shop. As individuals test their own limits, they test and change the limits of society. Although still considered distasteful and non-mainstream by many people, body piercing and tattooing are being adopted by individuals seeking to fulfill spiritual and social identity needs. In contrast to societies in which body marks are inscribed according to cultural tradition, the self-chosen marks of todays modem cultures are marks of disaffiliation with convention and historical values. Finally, as individuals modify their bodies as exploration of their individual identities, the culture composed of these individuals begins to explore what it means to be human and what role the body plays in civilization. Tattooing is an act which is very much painful in some cases so why should someone get the tattooes even when they are so terrible. This is society‘s responsibility to set such standards for such unusual things so that every body can have clear mind about these weird things. Bibliography 1. Edward Westermarck, â€Å"The History of Human Marriage† Volume: 1. Macmillan. London. 1921 2. Alfred Metraux, Easter Island: A Stone-Age Civilization of the Pacific Oxford University Press, New York. 1957 3. Tattooing and Civilizing Processes: Body Modification as Self-Control Michael Atkinson Journal Title: The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. Volume: 41. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2004 4. Tattooing, Gender and Social Stratifica