The Lunch Time Book Buddies - Pass It On Program Essay -- Literacy Ess

Theres no denying that reading is the foundation for exclusively academic achievement (paths, whether they lead you down the road of a doctoral degree or to the door of parenting). It reinforces language and communication, without it you cannot read a menu, bus schedule, recipe, road sign, bank statement or loved ones letter, not to mention phone texts or discovering a favorite book. Reading navigates us through our day-to-day lifetime and fuels our imagination (and opens up worlds of possibilities new countries, new cultures, and your own history). However, the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), aka Nations Report Card, revealed 34% of poop grade students in public schools fell below the basic reading level and one in six students not reading proficiently in the third grade do not graduate high school on time. These staggering statistics along with the accountability reforms of No Child Left tramp (NCLB) have led scholars and educators to look for mor e effective means of reading instruction and have contributed to the development of alternative, supplemental reading activities and programs to support/bolster literacy improvement. look for shows that the level of reading fluency in third grade is a predictor of future academic achievement. Third grade is when reading transitions from decoding to cellular inclusion of text (Stevens, 2006). These key literacy skills build students capacity to learn independently, from all academic fields and social environments (Shanahan, 2010). It is no surprise that reading instruction is such a strong focus of curriculum in pre and early elementary education. Educational trends regarding reading instruction have vacillated between traditional phonics and holistic langu... ...2007). Tips for teaching victimisation partners to build reading fluency. Preventing School Failure, 51(2), 52-55.National Center for Education Statistics (2011). The Nations Report Card Reading 2011(NCES 2012457). Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http//nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/main2011/2012457.pdfShanahan, T. (2010). up(p) reading comprehension in kindergarten through 3rd grade. Washington, D.C. U.S. Dept. of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.Smith, M. K. (2004). Nel Noddings, the ethics of care and education. The encyclopedia of Informal Education. Retrieved from www.infed.org/thinkers/noddings.htmStevens, R. J. (2006). Developing reading fluency What does the research say? Catalyst For Change, 34(1), 37-44.

Social Classes Of Mid-Victorian England :: European Europe History

Social Classes Of Mid-Victorian EnglandIn the Mid-Victorian period in English history there were distinct class differences in its society. There were trine classes in England. These were the Aristocracy, the Middle-Class (or Factory owners) and the work class. Each class had specific characteristics that defined its look. These characteristics were best seen in four areas of British society. During the time-period known by nearly historians as the Industrial Revolution, a great change overtook British culture. Aside from the political and economic change which occurred, a profound social alteration transpired. The earth seeking to better their lives, sought employment in newly-formed industries. Many of the workers which included women and children, labored through 12 hour work shifts, with poor nutrition, poor alive conditions and completing tedious tasks1. These factors, accompanied by various ideological precepts by Britains intellectual community, and those concepts import ed from France, provoke a crucial social evolution. Though no government was overthrown, a distinct transformation took place causing rebellious demeanour to erupt among the working class. This essay will address the questions of how and why this behavior was expressed by the lower order of British society. It will also discuss methods the ruling class used in suppressing and controlling the rebellious behavior exhibited by the working class.The put class held to two basic ideologies that served in the exploitation of the lower order of the British society. Richard Atlick identified them as Utilitarianism (or Benthamism) and Evangelicalism. Both served the self-interested inclinations of the middle class. Utilitarianism created the need to fulfill a principle of pleasure while minimalization pain. In the context of the industrial revolution this meant that the pleasure extracted from life would be at the working classes expense. This provided a perfect exactlyification for the mi ddle class to capitalize on. The working class of Britain, throughout the industrial revolution and through the Victorian age, acted in a defiant manner toward both the aristocracy and middle class. This behavior extended from the everyday activities of the workers to radical anarchist movements that categorized the underground.The middle class seemed to be just as familiar with the inverse of Benthamism as they were with its normal application. The pleasure principle was measured in terms of minimalization of pain. If the sum of pain, in a given situation, is little than the sum of pleasure, than it should be deemed pleasurable. The inverse principle applied to the working class was how pain (work) can be inflicted, with the absolute minimum distribution of pleasure (wages), without creating an uprising.

The Underworld and Morality in Vergils Aeneid Essay -- Aeneid Essays

The netherworld and Morality in Vergils AeneidBook IV of the Aeneid place stand alone as Vergils highest literary achievement, but centered in the epic, it provides a base for the entire work. The book describes Aeneass trip through the underworld, where after passing through the depths of underworld, he reaches his founder Anchises in the land of Elysium. Elysium is where the Souls to which Fate owes Another flesh lie (115). Here Anchises delivers the prophecy of Rome to Aeneis. He is shown the great souls that will one day convey the bodies of Romes leaders. Before the prophecy of Rome is delivered, Aeneiss journey through the underworld provides a definite ranking of souls according to their past lives on Earth. The Aeneid does not encompass a heaven, but the Underworld provides a punishment place where souls are purged of their evils and after one thousand years, regenerated to Earth. The ranking of souls in the Underworld warns of punishment for sin, and provides a incorrup t framework for Roman life.Aeneiss first contact with a soul in the purgatory of the Underworld is Palinurus, who died after falling from one of Aeneiss ships. Aeneis is at the mouth of the river that flows through hell with his guide the goddess Diephobe and Charon the ferryman. Palinurus is waiting to be ferried to his place in the Underworld, so he can begin his thousand-year purge. He pleads with Aeneiss party to take him along, but Deiphobe scolds him Shalt thou, unburied, throw the Stygian flood, / The Furies stream, or reach the bank unbid? (107). In Vergils Underworld one must have had a proper burial to gain a position. This serves as a warning to Romans to give their deceased a proper funeral, less they remain in hell longer.After Pa... ...ere he meets his father and receives the destiny of Rome. Elysium houses those souls to which parcel owes another flesh (115). These are the great heroes of the Ancient World that will be reincarnated as Roman leaders They have no hum an acts to be punished for. The story shifts here from that of moral lesson, to historical prophecy, but underlying the history there is a subtle command of respect for Roman leaders.The Underworld is more then just a creation to make Aeneiss voyage to his father more poetic. Through it, Vergil creates a moral code for his people, emphasizing grayer acts that can be easily justified such as deciding not to raise a child and giving up on love. Vergil saw how these acts combat injury humanity, and created the Underworld to curve them.Bibliography Vergil. Aeneid. Dover Thrift Edition. Trans. Charles J. Billson. New York Dover, 1995.

Humor in Dickens Tale of Two Cities :: essays research papers

A Tale of Two CitiesFrequently in literature, humor is added in word-paintings to make them more interesting and more appealing to readers. often times underneath the tragicomic covers lay a much more serious principle. Charles Dickens does exactly this in A Tale of Two Cities, by making slight comedy of issues such as democracy, the lower class, and spousal abuse. In A Tale of Two Cities, the actions of Jerry Cruncher, while essentially very humorless, whitethorn front peculiarly unexpended to some people. The events that occur in chapter one of book two, concerning Mrs. Cruncher, is an appropriate example of this idea. In this scene, Jerry Cruncher yells at his wife because he thinks she was praying against him. To skip with, because of this accusations obvious ridiculousness, it strikes readers as comical. One may even argue that he didnt actually believe this, but maybe he was just worldly and finds joy in harassing his wife. To say such silly things out of boredom also may hit someone as amusing. What generally makes this scene humorous is that Cruncher is so unjustified in yelling at his wife for such an absurd thing, and furthermore, he lacks any real evidence that she was doing what he accuses her of doing. While this scene may seem like a comical one, with a silly husband, it is really calling attention to verbal abuse to wives. It is palpable that Cruncher has no respectfulness whatsoever for his wife. At the time of this book, this was a common situation so either people did not notice the seriousness because of the humor that is masking it, or it was an every day happenning for them. When Cruncher wakes up to find Mrs Cruncher praying (in reality praying for him), he reacts by throwing a muddy shoe at her. This notion may also seem like a funny one to readers. Because the idea of somebody getting hit in the head by a muddy shoe throne be humorous, if used in an appropriate situation, such as a TV show or a movie, it may also seem funny in this scene. The realness of the situation can be easily overlooked. When Dickens adds these unexplainable events, it may strike some as funny because his actions are so unjustified and random.

Peoples Obsession With MUDs :: Technology Internet Chat Essays

Peoples Obsession With MUDsPatik licks Mary. Mary giggles and kicks him in the shin. Krista pirouettes and falls down laughing. Cislynx seduces Missworld. Ralphie shouts, who wants to tango? I am not having a nightmare, and I do not live in a mental institution. I am simply witnessing the typical behavior of a Multi User Dungeon (MUD). MUDs have become all the rage in the rapidly increasing world of computer technology. MUDs put you in a realistic space where you substructure create an identity and chat with other people. In this virtual world, you are represented by a self-composed textual description if youre fat, you jackpot be thin if youre beautiful, you can be plain and if youre nerdy, you can be sophisticated. This anonymity allows you to express unexplored aspects of yourself, to play with your real world identity by tenseing out new ones (Turkle 12). In addition to creating an identity, your virtual character can converse with others, exchange gestures, express emotions and rise and fall in popularity. You can even die in a MUD (Turkle 183). Essentially, you can be who or whatever you want, and you can say anything because your character exists nevertheless in cyberspace, as does everyone else who you encounter. You might ask yourself why do people bother to spend hours, days and weeks interacting with virtual beings? Why dont these people get out more and try living in the real world? The answer is simple. On-line communication in a MUD is a unique form of interaction because it is the only place in the world where you can leave your real carriage, assume the identity of your dreams and behave as you like without leaving any negative opposition on your non-virtual existence. People are obsessed with MUDding because it is an escape mechanism which allows you to ignore reality and live out fantasy. This desire to escape reality is an understandable reaction to an overemphasis on who you are or to the problems of your real-world identity. As a soc iety, we have created an immense pressure upon ourselves to have a perfect self-image. This perfection can range from absent flawless skin and pouty lips to desiring a successful career and a happy family. The demands of creating and sustaining this perfect modern identity are becoming increasingly burdensome, and as your life centers more on maintaining this certain image the desire to escape from the image grows greater (Baumeister 2).

Peoples Obsession With MUDs :: Technology Internet Chat Essays

Peoples Obsession With MUDsPatik licks Mary. Mary giggles and kicks him in the shin. Krista pirouettes and falls down laughing. Cislynx seduces Missworld. Ralphie shouts, who wants to tango? I am not having a nightmare, and I do not put out in a mental institution. I am simply witnessing the typical behavior of a Multi User Dungeon (MUD). MUDs charter become all the vehemence in the rapidly increasing world of computer technology. MUDs put you in a true(a)istic space where you hatful create an identity and chat with other people. In this virtual world, you are represented by a self-composed textual description if youre fat, you buns be thin if youre beautiful, you can be plain and if youre nerdy, you can be sophisticated. This anonymity allows you to express unexplored aspects of yourself, to play with your real world identity by trying out new ones (Turkle 12). In addition to creating an identity, your virtual character can converse with others, exchange gestures, express em otions and rise and fall in popularity. You can even die in a MUD (Turkle 183). Essentially, you can be who or whatever you want, and you can say anything because your character exists only in cyberspace, as does everyone else who you encounter. You might ask yourself why do people access to spend hours, days and weeks interacting with virtual beings? Why dont these people get out more and try living in the real world? The answer is simple. on-line communication in a MUD is a unique form of interaction because it is the only place in the world where you can leave your real life, assume the identity of your dreams and behave as you like without leaving any negative impact on your non-virtual existence. People are obsessed with MUDding because it is an effluence machine which allows you to ignore reality and live out fantasy. This desire to escape reality is an understandable response to an overemphasis on who you are or to the problems of your real-world identity. As a society, we have created an immense pressure upon ourselves to have a perfect self-image. This perfection can range from wanting flawless skin and pouty lips to desiring a successful career and a happy family. The demands of creating and sustaining this perfect modern identity are becoming increasingly burdensome, and as your life centers more on maintaining this certain image the desire to escape from the image grows greater (Baumeister 2).